iPS Experiment
Basic Facts
Definitions + Terms:
This section discusses the famous Yamanaka Experiment that revolutionized stem cell research. Learn about the study and use your new knowledge to create an iPS cell at the end!
Paper Title:
Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors
Paper Authors:
Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka
Study Date:
2006, July 24th
Institute + Department:
Department of Stem Cell Biology
Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences
Kyoto University – Japan
Transcription Factor
Proteins that regulate which genes are expressed on DNA or not.
References:
https://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/general-transcription-factor-transcription-factor-167
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26889/
https://www.britannica.com/science/retrovirus
https://www.stemcell.com/g418.html
http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NANOG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fbx15
http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=FBXO15
http://journals.cambridge.org/fulltext_content/ERM/ERM2_05/S1462399400001824sup001.pdf
Fibroblasts
Retrovirus
G418
Nanog
Fbxo15
Cells prevalent in connective tissue in the body. They excrete a matrix with high proportions of collagen, which helps to facilitate wound repair in the event of an injury.
A type of virus that carries RNA as their genetic material. The retroviruses typically contain reverse transcriptase, which is an enzyme capable of producing DNA from RNA. As a result, they are considered a good vehicle for injecting and permanently combining genetic material in a cell.
An antibiotic which causes cell death in the following sample types: bacteria, mammal cells, plants, etc. As a result, G418 is often used for testing cells that have been genetically altered (transfected).
A DNA gene responsible for coding a protein that is commonly associated with pluripotency, embryonic stem cells, and renewal.
A gene that codes for a protein whose expression is associated with embryonic stem cells specifically a collection of the resulting transcription factors from the Yamanaka study.
Go to Experiment
Overview
A gene formed from the fusion of two other genes: β-galactosidase gene and neomycin-resistance gene. The first gene is responsible for cleaving complex sugars in the body (lactose) into simpler and smaller sugars (galactose + glucose). The second codes for resistance to the antibiotic neomycin.